Cultural awareness refers to awareness of, and developing sensitivity to, cultural differences and cultural diversity. It involves knowledge, attitudes and values that demonstrate an openness and respect for other peoples and other cultures, languages, religions, dress, communication styles and so on.

Cultural capability is a broad term that encompasses cultural awareness, cultural safety and cultural competence.

Cultural competency refers to a set of behaviours, attitudes and policies that come together to allow people to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. It is best understood as something people move towards along a continuum rather than a point in time achievement.

Cultural protocols refer to the customs, lores and codes of behaviour of a particular cultural group. Ceremonies and protocols are an important part of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures. Examples include Acknowledgement of Country and Elders, Welcome to Country and Smoking Ceremonies, however cultural protocols differ between communities and regions. By incorporating cultural protocols such as these, we can recognise and pay respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, cultures and heritage.

Cultural safety is about individuals, organisations and systems being aware of the impact of their own culture and cultural values on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, while creating and maintaining an environment where all people are treated in a culturally respectful manner. A culturally-safe environment is safe for Aboriginal and/ or Torres Strait Islander peoples, where there is no assault, challenge or denial of their identity and experience.

Dadirri is an Aboriginal word meaning ‘inner deep listening and quiet still awareness and waiting’. Deep listening is a spiritual skill based on respect. It describes the process of deep and respectful listening to build community and offers a way of encouraging people to explore and learn from the ancient heritage of Aboriginal culture, knowledge and understanding.

Self-determination is the power of self-governance and relates to the fundamental right of people to shape their own lives. It is an ‘ongoing process of choice’ to ensure that Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples are able to meet their social, cultural and economic needs. Without self-determination it is not possible for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples to fully overcome the legacy of colonisation and dispossession.